Patients with non-union bone fractures and orthopedic surgical procedures that are not healing well may wish to consider stem cell therapy. Autologous mononuclear stem cell therapy (using stem cells from the patient’s own body) has provided evidence-based medicine to prove safety and efficacy in treating these conditions. Bone marrow stromal cells are known to form bone, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue and fat. Angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels) plays a critical role in bone development and fracture repair. Studies have proven that bone marrow cell transplantation has been shown to induce angiogenesis. In other words stem cells from bone marrow can increase proper blood circulation and the likelihood for successful healing of repaired bones.